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			<h1 itemprop="name"><a href="/questions/5422033/stacks-registers-in-actionscript-bytecode-avm2-which-all-are-there" class="question-hyperlink">Stack(s), Registers in ActionScript ByteCode AVM2, which all are there?</a></h1>
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        <p>From the AVM2 Overview PDF I encountered references to two types of stacks - Scope Stack and Operand Stack. </p>

<p>1) I assume these are two different memory stacks, each handling different things. Are there even more stacks?</p>

<p>2) pushstring "hello" - this would push a start of memory address where "hello" string is located onto Operand Stack. Right?</p>

<p>3) setlocal 0 - this would store a value from the stack (above) into register0 by popping it off. Right? </p>

<p>4) PushScope() - hmm, docs say pop value of stack, push value onto Scope Stack. Why?</p>

<p>I know a little bit of NASM but ABC seems more complex than that. Especially I'm confused about Scope Stack and the whole concept of multiple stacks. </p>

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        asked <span title="2011-03-24 16:03:14Z" class="relativetime">Mar 24 '11 at 16:03</span>
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<p>I am no AVM2 expert, but here's what I know:</p>

<ol>
<li>There are only 2 stacks, the two you mention: scope and operand.</li>
<li>Yes, pushstring "hello" will push the string onto the operand stack.</li>
<li>Also, correct. setlocal0 will pop "hello" off the stack and store it in reg 0.</li>
<li>The scope stack is used by all operations that require a name lookup for scope, for instance closures and exceptions. Often in ASM code you'll see getlocal_0 immediately followed by a pushscope. This is pretty common. You can kind of think of it as adding the "this" object to the scope stack for future reference in method calls, scope for closures, etc.</li>
</ol>

<p>I highly recommend downloading the Tamarin source and playing with the decompiler there. Also, Yogda looks to be pretty handy for learning: <a href="http://www.yogda.com/" rel="nofollow">http://www.yogda.com/</a></p>
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        answered <span title="2011-03-25 00:11:45Z" class="relativetime">Mar 25 '11 at 0:11</span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Wohooo, Yogda looks epic. Thanks for other answers as well, I was seeing the use of PushScope and NewActivation - being unused later, done by Adobe complier, so I was really confused. I guess those cases were just a bit of a sloppiness from their side.</span>
                &ndash;&nbsp;
                    <a href="/users/672226/ska"
                       title="1200 reputation"
                       class="comment-user owner">Ska</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2011-03-29 02:38:25Z" class="relativetime-clean">Mar 29 '11 at 2:38</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">Yeah, I noticed the compiler does that frequently when it isn&#39;t always necessary. Many people have complained about mxmlc, for instance Joa Ebert. He&#39;s much more of an expert on AVM2. Definitely take a look at the apparat framework that he&#39;s been working on: <a href="http://code.google.com/p/apparat/" rel="nofollow">code.google.com/p/apparat</a></span>
                &ndash;&nbsp;
                    <a href="/users/670428/svoisen"
                       title="836 reputation"
                       class="comment-user">svoisen</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2011-03-29 20:22:44Z" class="relativetime-clean">Mar 29 '11 at 20:22</span></span>
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                <span class="comment-copy">The more I&#39;m looking at the ABC that gets generated, the more unused operations I notice.  For example (this is too funny):  Dup, SetLocal 2, PushScope, PopScope, Kill 2, 	  I&#39;m looking at apparat also, thanks. As for Yogda, it seems EXACTLY the tool I need, but ... it&#39;s Windows only :(</span>
                &ndash;&nbsp;
                    <a href="/users/672226/ska"
                       title="1200 reputation"
                       class="comment-user owner">Ska</a>
                <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title="2011-04-01 13:46:10Z" class="relativetime-clean">Apr 1 '11 at 13:46</span></span>
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